Copyright Formalities in the Internet Age - Filters of Protection or Facilitatiors of Licensing

S.J. van Gompel, Copyright Formalities in the Internet Age: Filters of Protection or Facilitators of Licensing, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 2014-3, p. 1425-1458.
This article examines how copyright formalities may aid in addressing the objectives of enhancing the free flow of information by enlarging the public domain and facilitating the licensing of copyright protected materials. For this purpose, it maps the different objectives for reintroducing copyright formalities and provides a brief overview of the types of formalities that might be imposed, including the legal consequences that can be attached to them. The article then explores in more detail which formalities, in what way, can assist in accomplishing the specific objectives of enriching the public domain and facilitating rights clearance. It concludes with a synthesis of the main findings.

Conclusion: (...) In conclusion, in pairing the objectives behind a reintroduction of copyright formalities with possibilities for their implementation, this Article contends that, at present, formalities could only be meaningfully introduced for the purpose of facilitating rights clearance. Unless the Berne prohibition on formalities is changed, which is fairly unrealistic given that this requires unanimous consent of all contracting states, introducing formalities with the aim to enlarge the public domain will either fail to satisfy the Berne requirements or produce only limited effects. A more realistic approach is for national lawmakers to make optimal use of the policy space in the Berne Convention and the other international copyright treaties by introducing formalities that are permissible and that may contribute to improving licensing. This would certainly benefit the copyright system.