Prejudiciële vragen: ABC's en de Specific Mechanism voor nieuwe lidstaten
Prejudiciële vragen aan HvJ EU 18 april 2013, [2013] EWCA Civ 326 (Merck tegen Sigma Pharmaceuticals.
In 2004 traden nieuwe lidstaten, waarin octrooirechten op farmaceutische producten niet toegestaan waren, toe tot de Europese Unie. Zulke octrooien werden in 2004 wel toegestaan, maar er zijn een aantal gevallen waarin wel een ABC (Aanvullend Beschermingscertificaat) was gegeven in een andere lidstaat voor een farmaceutisch product gedurende de tijd dat er geen bescherming was in één of meerdere (nieuwe) lidstaten. Hiervoor is een speciale afwijking van de normale regels van vrij verkeer opgenomen in de toetredingsverdragen met de nieuwe lidstaten. Deze afwijking staat bekend als de 'Specific Mechanism:
"It permitted the owner of a pharma patent or SPC to prevent the parallel importation of the patented product from one of the accession states if, at the time of filing, such protection was unavailable in that accession state. It also anyone who intended to import such a product to demonstrate to the relevant national authority that he had given notice of that intention to the holder or beneficiary of the protection." [SPCblog]
De UK Court of Appeal stelt voor om vragen te formuleren over deze materie, de definitieve vragen zullen nog volgen:
97. The first concerns the conditions which must be satisfied before a patent holder may bring infringement proceedings under the Specific Mechanism and, in particular, whether the derogation confers upon the patent holder an option of preventing imports falling in its scope; and whether the derogation is inapplicable unless and until the patent holder demonstrates his intention to exercise that option.
98. The second concerns the identity of the person who must give the notice under the second paragraph of the Specific Mechanism and, in particular, whether a notification is compliant if it is given by an applicant for regulatory approval in the Member State into which the products are to be imported; and whether it makes any difference if the notification is given and the application for regulatory approval is made by one legal entity within a group of companies which form a single economic unit, and the acts of importation are to be carried out by another legal entity within that group under licence from the first legal entity.
99. The third concerns the identity of the person to whom the notice must be given under the second paragraph of the Specific Mechanism and, in particular, whether, in a case where a group of companies form a single economic unit comprising a number of legal entities, it is sufficient if the notification is addressed to a legal entity which is the operating subsidiary and marketing authorisation holder in the Member State of importation rather than the entity within the group which has legal ownership of or an exclusive licence under the patent. A subsidiary question also arises as to whether a notification which is otherwise compliant is rendered non-compliant if it is addressed to the "the Manager, Regulatory Affairs".
100. I recognise that this court is not obliged to make a reference but I believe it is appropriate to do so for the following reasons. First, these questions are not acte clair. Second, the Specific Mechanism has not yet been considered by the Court of Justice and, although its Iberian predecessor was considered by the Court in Case C-191/90 Generics and Harris Pharmaceuticals, there is uncertainty as to how the decision of the Court in that case should be understood. Finally, the parties helpfully provided to us after the hearing an agreed table which shows that the Specific Mechanism will continue to be relevant until 2019. In all these circumstances I believe it to be desirable that the questions raised in this case are answered authoritatively as soon as possible.
101. I would therefore make a reference to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling on each of the three groups of questions posed at [97], [98] and [99] above. They are currently formulated in general terms on the basis of questions originally proposed by Sigma. We have not had the benefit of any comments from Merck. Accordingly, I would invite the parties to consider them further in the light of this judgment and to propose draft questions and a draft reference for our consideration.
Overwegende:
75. I recognise that the Specific Mechanism does not create a right to sue for infringement where none existed as a matter of national law. I also acknowledge that the Specific Mechanism does not use the term "undertaking" to describe the person to whom notice must be given. So also, it is important to note that Dr Rollins was working in the Patent Department, not the Regulatory Affairs Department. Nevertheless, it seems to me that the points developed by Sigma do raise a real issue as to the meaning of the term "beneficiary" in the Specific Mechanism and I consider it at least arguable that MSD, as the operating company in the United Kingdom, falls within the scope of that term upon its proper interpretation. Further, I consider that, in all the circumstances of this case, notice to MSD did not deprive Merck Canada of an opportunity to invoke its rights under the Specific Mechanism. To the contrary, it was sufficient to enable Merck Canada to respond, but it failed to do so as a result of an administrative oversight. The question therefore turns upon the true meaning of the Specific Mechanism, how strict the notice requirement is and whether it can only be satisfied by the importer providing notice directly to the patent holder. This is therefore a further issue in relation to which I must consider a reference to the Court of Justice.
Op andere blogs:
SPCblog (Singulair and the Specific Mechanism for accession states: some questions for the CJEU)
